Abstract Banana, gingers and papaya cell cultures for high throughput agriculture

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As. Pac. J. Mol. Biol. & Biotech., January 2010 Vol. 18, 75-76

Banana, gingers and papaya cell cultures for high throughput agriculture

Norzulaani Khalid*, Wong Wei Chee, Fhaizal Bokhari, Tan Siew Kiat, Farah Diana Idris, Malisa Mohamad, Halijah Ibrahim, Suffian Annuar, Rofina Yasmin Othman, Noorsaadah Abd Rahman

Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

*Author for Correspondence.
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel: 603-79677142, Fax: 603-79674178, Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract.
There is considerable interest in developing plant cell cultures that could facilitate rapid propagation of elite materials and for the production of phytochemicals. In Malaysia, there is an urgent need for sufficient supply to meet the voluminous demand for seedlings which are important plantation and cash crops. Considering the cost of labour and infrastructure in conventional plantation, propagation in liquid culture is a practical way to produce clonal propagules at a low cost. Plant cell cultures could also provide an alternative source of phytochemicals. These cultures will ensure continuous high quality compounds and will also prevent the extinction of the valuable plants in their natural habitat. Alternatively, bioreactor could be used to maintain plant cell cultures on a large scale to enable the production of high quality cell lines of the major cash crops at a significant volume. One of the advantages of growing cell cultures in bioreactors is the opportunity to control critical parameters in order to reduce variations which could affect product quality and process reproducibility.
Besides being able to produce high-quality planting materials, plant cell cultures also allow genetic manipulation for trait improvement through either genetic engineering or mutagenesis (mutation breeding). Metabolomics is another possible endeavour in an attempt to enhance the production of certain fine chemicals in plants. This is to resolve the perpetual problem of non viable harvest of phytochemicals for commercialisation especially for the use of drug and product development.
In this paper, we will discuss the development of embryogenic cell suspensions of banana, papaya, and selected gingers (Boesenbergia rotunda, Zingiber zerumbet and Curcuma xanthorhiza) which have been field tested. The banana and papaya cell suspensions could produce up to 15, 000 plants and 7, 000 plants respectively for every 1 ml of settled cell volume within 5 -6 months. For the papaya and gingers, chromatographic spectrums of the phytochemical extracts from the cultivated type explants, tissue culture derived materials and cell suspension will be compared. The presence of the compounds in cell suspension will allow us to adopt genetic engineering technologies either to up-regulate or down-regulate certain enzymes for the enhancement of the targeted compounds in plants. In addition, physical parameters could be used to help increase the phytochemicals. For transgenic technologies, early flowering gene, Soc 1, has been successfully introduced into banana suspension but without the expected physiological changes when plants were transplanted.

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Abstract Investigation the origin of three Iranian indigenous cattle using sex chromosome X- and Y-specific markers

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As. Pac. J. Mol. Biol. & Biotech., January 2011 Vol. 1, 39-43

Investigation the origin of three Iranian indigenous cattle using sex chromosome X- and Y-specific markers

Sonia Zakizadeh1*, Monika Reissmann2, Peter Reinecke2

1Department of Animal Science,Hasheminejad High Education Center, Kalantari Highway, Between Jihad and TV Squares, Mashad 91769 94767, P.O.Box 91375-4887, Iran;
2Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Fachgebiet Züchtungsbiologie und molekulare Tierzüchutng, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany.

*Author for Correspondence.
Dr Sonia Zakizadeh,
Department of Animal Science,
Jihad and Agricultural Higher Education Complex,
Kalantari Highway, Between Jihad and TV Squares,
Mashad 91769 94767, P.O. Box 91375-4887, Iran.
Tel: +98 915 3107569, Fax: +98 511 38222094,
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

Abstract.
Immigration process of peoples and cattle from Indian subcontinent to south of Asia and Africa led to genetic exchange with local breeds in these regions about 3000 years ago. In this study we used specific markers on sex chromosomes to investigate the hybridization pattern and origin of indigenous Iranian cattle breeds. Sixty female DNA samples and five male DNA samples of Mazandarani, Sarabi and Golpaygani breeds were used to genotype specific indicine sequences. The results of sequencing and PCR-RFLP genotyping showed that that other tests would be needed to determine their origin as Bos indicus or Bos taurus.

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Abstract In vitro cucumber haploid line generation in several new cultivars

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As. Pac. J. Mol. Biol. & Biotech., Jan 2013 Vol. 1, 19-28

In vitro cucumber haploid line generation in several new cultivars

E. Moqbeli, Gh. Peyvast, Y. Hamidoghli and J.A. Olfati*

Horticultural Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, , Rasht, Iran. I.R

* Author for correspondence: J.A. Olfati
Horticultural Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. I.R.
Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

Abstract.

Due to recent developments, pure lines can now be produced in a short time using in vitro techniques and therefore reduce by several years the time required for conventional plant breeding programmes. In the current study, six F1 cucumber hybrids were investigated, namely ‘Kashmir’, ‘Adergreen’, ‘Summerstar’, ‘Royal’, ‘2010-3’ and ‘502×605’. Unfertilized ovaries were harvested and placed on solid MS medium in Petri dishes. Immediately after placing the unfertilized ovary slices of each variety on induction medium containing different concentrations of Thidiazuron (TDZ) (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 mg∙L-1), they were exposed to a thermal shock pretreatment at 35±1°C for 0, 2, 3 or 4 days. The first visual structures formed after 3 weeks in culture. Cultivar, TDZ concentration and temperature pretreatment all had a significant effect on cucumber embryogenesis. The greatest embryogenesis success was obtained in the ‘summerstar’ variety cultured in medium with 0.04 mg∙L-1 TDZ. TDZ also had a positive effect on embryo formation in our work.

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Abstract In vitro propagation of Coelogyne breviscapa Lindl., Dendrobium aqueum Lindl., and Flickingeria nodosa (Dalz.) Seidenf. via asymbiotic seed germination

Category: Uncategorised

As. Pac. J. Mol. Biol. & Biotech., Jan 2013 Vol. 1, 29-34

In vitro propagation of Coelogyne breviscapa Lindl., Dendrobium aqueum Lindl., and Flickingeria nodosa (Dalz.) Seidenf. via asymbiotic seed germination

P. Servin Wesley1, B. Chitra Devi2*, B. Sahaya Shibu1 and Sarmad Moin1

1Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
2Department of Botany, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

* Author for correspondence: B. Chitra Devi
Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

Abstract.

The application of plant tissue culture techniques for conservation and propagation of many threatened species requires an efficient in vitro regeneration protocol. In this study, various basal media were evaluated to determine their effectiveness in promoting asymbiotic seed germination of three important orchid species, Coelogyne breviscapa Lindl., Dendrobium aqueum Lindl., and Flickingeria nodosa (Dalz.) Seidenf. Five different basal media, Murashige and Skoog medium (MS), Linsmaier and Skoog medium (LS), Lindemann orchid medium (LOM), Schenk and Hildebrandt medium (SH) and Knudson C medium (KC) were evaluated, among which LS and LOM elicited a better response from all the three orchids. Maximum germination of Coelogyne breviscapa and Flickingeria nodosa seeds was observed on LOM and for Dendrobium aqueum LS medium elicited a better response.

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Abstract Commentary: The Cartagena Protocol in the context of recent releases of transgenic and Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes

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As. Pac. J. Mol. Biol. & Biotech., July 2011 Vol. 3, 93-100

Commentary:
The Cartagena Protocol in the context of recent releases of transgenic and Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes

John M. Marshall*

Imperial College London, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, St Mary’s Campus, London W2 1PG, UK.

*Author for Correspondence.
John M. Marshall,
Imperial College London,
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology,
St Mary’s Campus,
London W2 1PG, UK.
Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

Abstract.
The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is the fundamental document of the United Nations on the safe transfer, handling and use of living modified (LM) organisms. Progress is being made in the development of specific guidelines for LM mosquitoes; however, several issues relating to LM mosquitoes with invasive gene drive systems remain unresolved. Recent releases of LM sterile mosquitoes and mosquitoes infected with a non-transgenic strain of Wolbachia allow us to assess the suitability of the Protocol to LM mosquitoes, and to highlight weaknesses of the Protocol that should be addressed prior to an open release of mosquitoes engineered with invasive gene drive systems. One weakness, highlighted by recent exports of LM mosquito eggs from the United Kingdom, is that the Advance Informed Agreement procedure does not apply to LM mosquitoes being considered for release following laboratory studies and/or cage trials in the receiving country. This means that, under the most likely release scenario for any LM mosquito, the exporting country is not required to perform and finance a risk assessment. Another weakness, highlighted by the release of self-propagating Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes by Australia, is that several countries are not signatories to the Protocol and may not feel obliged to abide by terms they did not agree to. Releases in the Cayman Islands also highlight confusion over the applicability of the Protocol to transboundary movements between Parties and non-Parties. Lessons learned from these releases should guide the Protocol to addresses the biosafety concerns posed by self-limiting and self-propagating varieties of LM mosquitoes.

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