Abstract Screening of acid aluminium tolerant Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains: analysis of marker genes and competition in planta

Aris Tri Wahyudi, Antonius Suwanto*, Tedja Imas and Aris Tjahjoleksono

Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Raya Pajajaran, Bogor 16144, Indonesia.

(Received 9 August 1997 / Accepted 18 November 1997)

Abstract.
The genes, inaZ from Pseudomonas syringae, xylE from P. putida and the kanamycin resistance gene (Km^R) of mini-Tn5Km1, were studied for their capabilities and reliabilities as molecular markers in three acid tolerant Bradyrliizobium japonicum strains. Conjugation was used to transfer each of these genes to B. japonicum strains. Mating was conducted on membrane filter (0.45 gm, Millipore) using modified Luria Agar. The results showed that all of the genes were able to be transferred to acid tolerant B. japonicum strains by conjugation. All of these bacteria were able to express the inaZ and Km^R genes. However, none of the exconjugants was able to express the xylE gene. Acid tolerant B. japonicum strains that carried each of these genes were able to form root nodules in either siratro or soybean plant. The KmR gene had high stability as tested after nodulation. experiments. This gene was subsequently used as a genetic marker in a competition study of acid tolerant B. japonicum strains for nodule occupancy in soybean plant. This study was conducted using acid tolerant soybean cultivar (B 09) grown in Leonard jars using nitrogen free nutrient solution (pH 4.5 + Al 50 µM). Mixtures of acid tolerant B. japonicum strains and USDA 110 were inoculated in 1:1 ratio and nodules were harvested 30 days after planting. The results indicated that one exconjugant strain (11.71Km) dominated root nodules. Thus this strain has the potential to be developed as soybean inoculant in acid soils.

Keywords: Acid Aluminium Tolerance, Bradyrhizobium japonicum Marker Genes, Competition