Abstract One-step multiplex RT-PCR for detection of BCR/ABL gene in Malay patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia

*Author for Correspondence.
Department of Hematology,
School of Medical Sciences,
University Sains Malaysia,
Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.

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Abstract.
BCR/ABL fusion gene is a product derived from translocation of chromosome 22 to chromosome 9. Its presence confers a diagnostic value for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). The aim of this study was to detect the presence of BCR/ABL fusion gene using a One-Step Multiplex Reverse Transcriptase –Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and identify the types of breakpoints in Malay patients diagnosed as CML. Their clinical characteristics and cytogenetic findings were also included. Thirty-six Malay patients diagnosed as CML by the usual haematological investigations were enrolled into the study. RNA was extracted from the blood and bone marrow samples and was subjected to One-Step Multiplex RT-PCR for BCR/ABL gene. Thirty-five (97.2%) had BCR/ABL fusion gene. Breakpoints at b3a2 and b2a2 were detected in 68.6% and 31.4% respectively. Majority of them were in chronic phase of CML at diagnosis and the median age was 45.5 years old. In conclusion, One-Step Multiplex RT-PCR has been successfully used to detect and subtype BCR/ABL fusion gene. It is a fast and effective technique. It should be done upfront at diagnosis in patients with CML, as its molecular subtype is crucial in the treatment follow-ups.